Adaptronics is the term encompassing technical fields that have become known internationally under the names "smart materials", "intelligent structures", and "smart structures". Adaptronics contributes to the optimisation of systems and products. It bridges the gap between material and system/product and incorporates the search for multi-functional materials and elements and their integration in systems or structures. The authors of this book have taken on the task of displaying the current state of the art in this field. The system components actuators, sensors and controllers, technical fundamentals, materials design rules and practical solutions are described. Selected sample applications are also represented and current development trends are demonstrated.