Expert laboratorians update the classic bioconjugation methods and introduce valuable new techniques that go beyond pure biomedical applications to include elements from advanced organic synthesis, molecular biology, and materials science. These readily reproducible methods cover the preparation of protein conjugates using covalent and noncovalent conjugation, the synthesis of nucleic acid conjugates using a variety of labeling techniques, and approaches to semisynthetic conjugates of proteins. Additional chapters address the biofunctionalization of inorganic surfaces, including the on-chip synthesis of peptide nucleic acids to generate microarrays for the high-throughput analysis of RNA and DNA, gold nanaoparticles, and carbon nanotube probes for atomic force microscopy.