This text is geared towards a one-semester graduate-level course in statistical signal processing and estimation theory. The author balances technical detail with practical and implementation issues, delivering an exposition that is both theoretically rigorous and application-oriented. The book covers topics such as minimum variance unbiased estimators, the Cramer-Rao bound, best linear unbiased estimators, maximum likelihood estimation, recursive least squares, Bayesian estimation techniques, and the Wiener and Kalman filters. The author provides numerous examples, which illustrate both theory and applications for problems such as high-resolution spectral analysis, system identification, digital filter design, adaptive beamforming and noise cancellation, and tracking and localization. The primary audience will be those involved in the design and implementation of optimal estimation algorithms on digital computers. The text assumes that you have a background in probability and random processes and linear and matrix algebra and exposure to basic signal processing. Students as well as researchers and practicing engineers will find the text an invaluable introduction and resource for scalar and vector parameter estimation theory and a convenient reference for the design of successive parameter estimation algorithms.