Leading physician scientists and noted researchers describe step-by-step techniques for lung cancer diagnosis based on the molecular analysis of clinical samples. These experts review currently accepted treatments and outline a variety of novel therapies, including those based on gene therapy, immunotherapy, and chemoprevention, and show how these newly improved techniques can give a better appreciation of the prognosis associated with the particular mutation uncovered by the technique. These methods use a variety of molecular techniques, including the manipulation of gene expression and the alteration of immune status, to combat lung cancer.