Contributors from pharmaceutical, agriculture, biotechnology, and other companies explain methods for culturing cells on a large scale to generate commercial products. Their topics include genetic approaches to producing recombinant proteins in mammalian cells, process development considerations for mammalian cell culture, genetic engineering solutions for natural products in actinomycetes, culture medium optimization and scale-up for microbial fermentations, oleosin partitioning technology for producing recombinant proteins in oil seeds, proteomics, and DNA shuffling for whole-cell engineering.