Education and training have faced many challenges in the past five years –political, educational, and technological trends such as the European Bolognaprocess, Lifelong Learning and the use of Social Software are just a few ofthe factors influencing this field. Furthermore, technology-enhanced learninghas become the mainstream of educational and training innovation.Within this context, this second edition of the Handbook on “InformationTechnologies for Learning, Education, and Training” attempts to capturethe state-of-the-art in technology-enhanced learning, as it has emergedduring the last years and anticipates important future developments.As the Handbook Editors, we have aimed to provide a comprehensiveguide for both researchers and practitioners working in the field ofTechnology-enhanced Learning and Training. Our overall objective is toenable the reader to gain a deep understanding of the past, present, andfuture research and applications in this field.