The Third IAPR TC3Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition,ANNPR 2008, was held at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris(France), July 2–4, 2008. The workshop was organized by the Technical Committeeon Neural Networks and Computational Intelligence (TC3) that is oneof the 20 TCs of the International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR).The scope of TC3 includes computational intelligence approaches, such as fuzzysystems, evolutionary computing and artificial neural networks and their use invarious pattern recognition applications. ANNPR 2008 followed the success ofthe previous workshops: ANNPR 2003 held at the University of Florence (Italy)and ANPPR 2006 held at Reisensburg Castle, University of Ulm (Germany). Allthe workshops featured a single-track program including both oral sessions andposters with a focus on active participation from every participant.In recent years, the field of neural networks has matured considerably in bothmethodology and real-world applications. As reflected in this book, artificial neuralnetworks in pattern recognition combine many ideas from machine learning,advanced statistics, signal and image processing for solving complex real-worldpattern recognition problems.