Il Principe (The Prince) is a political treatise by the Florentine public servant and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. Originally called De Principatibus (About Principalities), it was originally written in 1513, but not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. The treatise is not representative of the work published during his lifetime, but it is the most remembered, and the work responsible for bringing "Machiavellian" into wide usage as a pejorative term.
The views expounded by Machiavelli in The Prince may seem extreme even for the time period in which they were written. However, his whole life was spent in Florence at a time of continuous political conflict. Accordingly, Machiavelli emphasizes the need for stability in a prince’s principality; at stake is its preservation. The book was written primarily as a guide for the prince to maintain his power and only secondarily as a guide for maintaining the principality.
The theories expressed in The Prince describe methods that an aspiring prince can use to acquire the throne, or an existing prince can use to maintain his reign. According to Machiavelli, the greatest moral good is a virtuous and stable state, and actions to protect the country are therefore justified even if they are cruel. Machiavelli strongly suggests, however, that the prince must not be hated. He states, "...a wise prince should establish himself on that which is his own control and not in that of others; he must endeavor to avoid hatred, as is noted."
The opening discourse of The Prince defines effective methods of governing in several types of principalities (for example, newly acquired vs. hereditary). Machiavelli explains to the reader, the "Magnificent Lorenzo de' Medici", member of the Florentine Medici family, the best ways to acquire, maintain, and protect a state. The methods described therein have the general theme of acquiring necessary ends by any means.
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Князь (итал. Il Principe, также часто встречается неправильный, но по смыслу более точный, перевод «Государь») — это трактат флорентийского писателя Никколо Макиавелли, в котором описываются свойства характера, методы правления и умения, необходимые для идеального правителя. Первоначально книга носила название: De Principatibus (О княжествах).
Трактат был написан около 1513 года и был опубликован только в 1532, через пять лет после смерти Макиавелли. Эта книга самая известная из всех, написанных Никколо Макиавелли, но нельзя сказать, что самая типичная. Существует и другая гипотеза, что «Князь» мог быть сатирическим произведением, не отражавшим взглядов Макиавелли, поскольку сам он поддерживал сторонников республики, а книга была написана в период возвращения рода Медичи к власти и изгнания Макиавелли из Флоренции. Первым её выдвинул Дж. М. Таскано в 1578 году, а вскоре повторил А. Джентиле в De legationbus libri tres (1585), и потом она пошла кочевать из работы в работу.


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