Contemporary biotechnology is increasingly being applied to assist the international conservation of plant diversity. Plant Conservation Biotechnology introduces biotechnological techniques which are currently used to conserve horticultural and crop plant germplasm, forest tree genetic resources, endangered plant species, and plant cell culture collections. The first part of the book, Techniques, provides an introduction to the different conservation methodologies and offers practical advice regarding the application of biotechnology in plant diversity prospecting; germplasm acquisition and exchange; genetic resource management, and conservation. The second part concerns Applications and it explores the more detailed use of biotechnology in the context of specific conservation areas.