Polish airmen formed the aviation component of the Polish army and the Polish navy. In this context Polish fliers had to fight for their existence from the chaotic beginnings in the aftermath of World War I and then against the Nazi and Soviet juggernauts in September 1939. The authors describe, squadron by squadron in enormous detail, exactly how the well-trained but isolated Poles fought bitterly against the invaders. Using outdated tactics and old equipment, the Poles were overwhelmed by enemies greatly superior in number both in the air and on the ground. Poland's loss was the RAF's gain, when Polish pilots proved to be some of the most successful, courageous and determined airmen defending England in the summer of 1940.