This book is based on the proceedings of the COSNet/CSIRO Workshop on Turbulence and Coherent Structures held at the Australian National University in Canberra in January 2006. It codifies recent developments in our understanding of the dynamics and statistical dynamics of turbulence and coherent structures in fluid mechanics, atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, plasma physics, and dynamical systems theory. It brings together articles by internationally acclaimed researchers from around the world including Dijkstra (Utrecht), Holmes (Princeton), Jimenez (UPM and Stanford), Krommes (Princeton), McComb (Edinburgh), Chong (Melbourne), Dewar (ANU), Watmuff (RMIT) and Frederiksen (CSIRO). The book will prove a useful resource for researchers as well as providing an excellent reference for graduate students working in this frontier area.